Amaç: Afazi, beyinin sol hemisferindeki dil alanlarının hasar görmesiyle ortaya çıkar. Bu durum, iletişim yeteneklerinin derinden etkilenmesine yol açmaktadır. Altın standart olarak kabul edilen dil ve konuşma terapisi, afazi rehabilitasyonunda ve iletişim becerilerinin yeniden kazandırılmasında kritik öneme sahiptir. Geleneksel terapi yaklaşımının yanı sıra, son yıllarda giderek yaygınlaşan Transkraniyal Manyetik Uyarım ve Transkraniyal Doğru Akım Uyarımı gibi girişimsel olmayan beyin uyarımı yöntemlerinin de özellikle inme sonrası afazi yönetiminde etkili olduğu öne sürülmektedir. Bu derleme yazısında inme sonrası afazi rehabilitasyonunda kullanılan beyin uyarımı uygulamaları ve çeşitli uyarım protokolleri incelenerek, klinik pratikte bu tür alternatif uygulamalara yönelik farkındalığı artırmak, afazide nöromodülasyon uygulamalarına ilişkin alanyazın yönelim ve bulgularını ortaya koyarak kuramsal ya da deneysel çalışmaları teşvik etmek ve bu konuda çalışma yapmayı düşünenler için genel bir çerçeve oluşturmak amaçlanmıştır.
Yöntem: Literatür taraması, “TMS”, “tDCS”, “aphasia”, “post-stroke aphasia” ve “non-fluent chronica aphasia” gibi arama terimleri ile PubMed ve Google Scholar gibi veri tabanları kullanılarak gerçekleştirilmiştir. Arama sonuçları, çalışmaların yıllık bazda sınıflandırılması ve konuya özgü içeriklerin incelenmesiyle derlenmiştir.
Bulgular: Derlemeden ortaya çıkan sonuçlar, nöromodülatör araçların inme sonrası afazi rehabilitasyonunda özellikle standart dil ve konuşma terapisi ile kombine edildiğinde iyileşme sürecini hızlandırdığını, akıcılık, adlandırma ve tekrarlama gibi dil becerilerini desteklediğini göstermektedir.
Sonuç: Beyin uyarım yöntemlerinin inme sonrası afazi yönetimindeki etkililiği, güvenirliği, uzun dönem etkileri için gereken optimal stimülasyon parametreleri ve ayrıca terapötik etkilerinin altında yatan mekanizmaları aydınlatmak için daha fazla çalışmaya ihtiyaç duyulsa da bu teknikler afazi rehabilitasyonunda hem iletişim becerilerini hem de yaşam kalitesini artırmak adına değerli bir araç haline gelmiş görünmektedir.
afazi, inme sonrası afazi, nöromodülasyon, transkraniyal manyetik uyarım, transkraniyal doğru akım uyarımı
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