Amaç: Dünya çapında uzun süre boyunca etkili olan Koronavirus 2019 (COVID-19) salgını ve bunun sonucunda ortaya çıkan 'sosyal mesafe ve hijyen tedbirleri aile içi iletişim davranışlarında ve çocukların günlük yaşam faaliyetlerinde değişimlere yol açmıştır. Mevcut çalışmada COVID-19 salgınının aile içi iletişime ve küçük çocukların oyun davranışlarına etkisini ortaya çıkarmak amaçlanmıştır. Yöntem: Nitel bir çalışma olarak yürütülmüş olan bu çalışmada fenomenolojiden yararlanılmıştır. Çalışmada, annelerin, Türkiye'de COVID-19 salgınının aile içi iletişim ve çocukların oyunları üzerindeki etkisine ilişkin algıları incelenmiştir. Yaşları 30 ila 40 ay arasında küçük çocukları olan beş anneden oluşan bir grupla odak grup görüşmesi yürütülmüştür. Çalışma kapsamında veri toplama aracı olarak araştırmacılar tarafından bir odak grup görüşme formu geliştirilmiştir. Bulgular: Elde edilen verilerin analizi sonucunda üç ana temaya ulaşılmıştır. Bu temalar şu şekilde sıralanmaktadır: (i) çocukların COVID-19'u algılayışı, (ii) COVID-19 salgınının aile iletişimi üzerindeki etkisi (iii) ve salgının çocukların oyun ve oyun materyalleri üzerindeki etkisi. Pandemi kısıtlamalarının aile iletişimi ve çocukların oyunları üzerinde olumlu ve olumsuz etkileri olduğu tespit edilmiştir. Bu bağlamda, katılımcıların doğrudan ifadeleriyle desteklenerek bulgular alt problemler ışığında sunulmuştur. Sonuç: Yürütülmüş olan bu araştırma, tüm dünyayı etkisi altına alan COVID-19 salgınının çocukların oyun davranışlarının yanı sıra ebeveynleri, çocukları ve onların iletişim şekillerini de etkilediğini ortaya çıkarmıştır. Bulgular, aile yaşamı uygulamalarının, çocukların davranışlarının ve ebeveynlerin zihinsel sağlığının, pandemi nedeniyle yaşanan tecrit dönemlerinden hem olumsuz hem de olumlu şekilde etkilendiğini göstermiştir. Bu araştırma bulgularının küresel salgın ve iyileşme süreçleri sırasında çocukların ve ailelerin iletişimini korumak ve geliştirmek için etkili yolların bulunmasına yardımcı olabileceği düşünülmektedir.
Bu çalışma literatürdeki bazı boşluklara odaklanmaktadır. Bu
boşluklar şu şekilde sıralanabilir: İlk olarak, COVID-19 pandemisinin psikolojik sonuçlarını araştırmak amacıyla yapılan
çoğu çalışma, çocukların oyunu üzerindeki etkileri göz ardı etmiştir. Bu çalışma, annelerin algılarına göre çocukların aile
iletişimi ve oyun davranışlarına odaklanmıştır. İkinci olarak bu çalışma, pandeminin erken dönemine ilişkin annelerin
deneyimleri aracılığıyla aile iletişimini incelemiştir. Üçüncü olarak, COVID-19'un aile hayatı üzerindeki uzun vadeli
etkilerini araştırmak için birçok çalışma yapılmıştır. Bu çalışma ise pandeminin küçük çocukların oynadıkları oyunlar
üzerindeki etkisini araştıran ilk çalışmalardan biridir ve aynı zamanda Türkiye'deki COVID-19 pandemisinin erken
dönemlerinde ebeveynler ve çocuklar arasındaki ilişkinin doğasını da sunmaktadır.
Bu çalışma, pandeminin çocukların oyunları üzerindeki etkisini
sadece annelerin görüşleri aracılığıyla incelemiştir. Bu nedenle, gelecekteki çalışmalar babaları ve çocukları da içerebilir.
Yapılacak olan boylamsal bir araştırma pandemi sonrası aile yaşamını daha iyi anlamaya yardımcı olabilir. Ayrıca,
ebeveyn görüşmelerinin ötesinde ek veri toplama araçlarının kullanılması bulguların derinliğini artırabilir ve pandeminin
çocukların iletişim ve oyun davranışları üzerindeki belirli yönlerine daha kapsamlı bir bakış sunabilir.
Anne, COVID-19, anne-çocuk iletişimi, çocuk oyunları, oyun davranışları
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