ARCHIEVE

Purpose: In this study, it is aimed to find the therapy methods that can be used in Childhood Apraxia of Speech (CAS). Furthermore, to support their knowledge about the therapy methods that can be used in this disorder. With this study, speech and language therapists would have knowledge about the fundamental components of the therapy methods. Important procedures of the therapy approaches presented in detail. Method: In this study, 24 therapy studies were used, and they were published between 2000-2019. The resources are accessed through: Science Direct, Taylor & Francis Online, Research Gate, and UCL. In studies, the procedures of therapy methods and the obtained results after the therapy are used for this review. Results: If a person experiences, motor planning, and motor programming deficits during the speech, it’s called apraxia of speech. Apraxia of speech has two types; developmental and acquired. In this review, developmental apraxia of speech and the therapy methods that can be applied to this disorder were investigated. When apraxia of speech occurs developmentally, it is called ‘Childhood Apraxia of Speech’. After the research, the therapy methods gathered around three main topics: motor-based approaches (n = 15), linguistic-based approaches (n = 8) and multi-model communication approaches (n = 2). The three main approaches include; eight motor-based therapy methods, two linguistic-based therapy methods, and two multi-model communication therapy methods were accessed. Conclusion: In order to choose the appropriate therapy method for the client, the evaluation phase has to be done carefully. After the selection of the therapy method, it has to individualized to client. During therapy, targets selections should be suitable for the client. And high amount of practices on the selected targets should applied on therapy. It is also emphasized that target selection and giving the appropriate feedback are also important for the progress of the therapy and the motivation of the client. Therapy sessions should effectuate frequent and short. After the adjustments, therapy would be more effective and, the obtained results will be better in the intervention of this disorder. These results can be adapted to the selected therapy method. When it comes to intervention in this disorder, the studies show that the integral stimulation therapy and the dynamic temporal tactile cueing therapy were stated to be the most used methods. These three therapy methods are investigated under the motor-based approaches. The studies that investigate linguistic-based approaches state that evaluating phonological awareness is also important. Moreover, some of the resources investigate the multi-model communication approaches mention that using AAC methods can be effective for the progress of the therapy. Studies demonstrate that motor-based interventions are better managing the impaired motor planning and motor programming deficits in childhood apraxia of speech. However, it is emphasized that, regardless of the therapy approach which chosen, the application needs to be individualized, and the therapy adjusted accordingly. There are also studies that applied different therapy methods together in their articles. Nevertheless, this decision should be given according to the needs of the client. With this information, it is important to evaluate CAS correctly. Moreover, there is a need for further research prepared in this direction.

Aasland, W. A., Baum, S. R., & McFarland, D. H. (2006). Electropalatographic, acoustic, and perceptual data on adaptation to a palatal perturbation. The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America, 119(4), 2372-2381.

American Speech-Language-HearingAssociation (2007). Childhood apraxia of speech.
Baker, E. (2006). Management of speech impairment in children: The journey so far and the road ahead. Advances in Speech Language Pathology, 8(3), 156-163.

Ballard, K. J., Robin, D. A., McCabe, P., & McDonald, J. (2010). A treatment for dysprosody in childhood apraxia of speech. Journal of Speech, Language, and Hearing Research. 53(5), 1227-1245.

Beathard, B., & Krout, R. E. (2008). A music therapy clinical case study of a girl with childhood apraxia of speech: Finding Lily's voice. The Arts in Psychotherapy, 35(2), 107-116.

Belton, E. (2004). Evaluation of the effectiveness of the Nuffield Dyspraxia Programme as a treatment approach for children with severe speech disorders (Doctoral dissertation,University College London).

Binger, C. (2007). Aided AAC intervention for children with suspected childhood apraxia of speech. Perspectives on Augmentative and Alternative Communication, 16(1), 10-12.

Crosbie, S., Holm, A., & Dodd, B. (2005). Intervention for children with severe speech disorder: a comparison of two approaches. International Journal of Language & Communication Disorders, 40(4), 467-491.

Dale, P. S., & Hayden, D. A. (2013). Treating speech subsystems in childhood apraxia of speech with tactual input:

The PROMPT approach. American Journal of Speech-Language Pathology, 22(4), 644-661.
Dodd, B., Crosbie, S., McIntosh, B., Holm, A., Harvey, C., Liddy, M., & Rigby, H. (2008). The impact of selecting different contrasts in phonological therapy. International Journal of Speech-Language Pathology, 10(5), 334-345.